Materials and Manufacturing Techniques for Polymeric and Ceramic Scaffolds Used in Implant Dentistry

Preventive and regenerative techniques have been suggested to minimize the aesthetic functional effects caused by intraoral bone defects, enabling installation of dental implants. Among them, porous three-dimensional structures (scaffolds) composed mainly bioabsorbable ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) stand out for reducing use autogenous, homogeneous, xenogenous grafts their unwanted effects. In order stimulate formation, biodegradable polymers cellulose, collagen, glycosaminoglycans, polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), polyglycolic (PGA), polyhydroxylbutyrate (PHB), polypropylenofumarate (PPF), polylactic-co-glycolic (PLGA), poly L-co-D, L lactic (PLDLA) also studied. More recently, hybrid scaffolds can combine tunable macro/microporosity osteoinductive properties ceramic materials with chemical/physical polymers. Various methods are manufacture adequate porosity, conventional additive manufacturing and, more 3D 4D printing. The purpose this manuscript is review features concerning biomaterials, macro microstructure, fabrication techniques, well potential interaction human body.